Post Mortem Notes This is not a VCAA publication.
Last changed:
March 9, 2022 11:35 AM
I do not speak for the VCAA, the IT examiners, or exam markers. I was not involved in the writing or marking of this examination. Extracts from exams are all Copyright © VCAA, and are used with permission. Use these post mortems at your own risk. I reserve the right to change my mind completely, at short notice, about anything I've said here. Suggestions, discussions and corrections are welcome. Questions look like this. |
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Other VCE IT Exam Post Mortems to enjoy IPM / ITA / Informatics / Data Analytics - 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2023
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The Post Mortem Awards |
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The SCHMACKOS award is given to questions that are a complete dog's breakfast. |
 The Questions That Make You Sick As A Dog Award Questions that are not totally wrong, but are just dumb or are wrong in a way that does not jeopardise the answer. |
And the exciting Illiteracy Award. |
SECTION B - Short answer questions |
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. |
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| Question 1 | Question 1 How should sales staff dispose of customers' contact and financial data stored on their laptops? 1 mark - 2 lines provided for the answer They should be wiped rather than just deleted. Wiping overwrites the data many times to make it unrecoverable with undelete utilities. State average: 30% The examiner says: Most students indicated that the data should be permanently deleted, but only a minority of responses indicated how this could be achieved. Typically, responses which received a mark suggested "overwrite the files‟, "format the disk‟ or "physically destroy the disk‟. Other answers which described specialised software to electronically clean or shred the files were also accepted. |
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| Question 2 | Question 2 Fashion Design is an electronic magazine being created for communicating the latest trends in teenage fashions. The magazine will collect data from users and store it in a database. a. At what stage of the problem-solving methodology should the solution be tested to see that it does what it was intended to do? 1 mark - 1 line Development. "Testing" is not a discrete step in the Problem Solving Methodology. State average: 35% The examiner says: The solution is tested at the development stage of the problem-solving methodology. Many students confused testing with evaluation. List two tasks typically involved in testing.
2 marks - 3 lines State average: 50% The examiner says: The most commonly accepted answers were "deciding what tests will be conducted‟, "what test data will be used‟, "conducting tests‟, "recording actual results‟, identifying errors‟, "correcting errors‟ and "checking that validation methods worked‟. |
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| Question 3 | Question 3 Explain two benefits of normalising data in a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS).
2 marks - 6 lines State average: 40% The examiner says: Many students stated that normalising data reduces errors and saves time but did not go on to explain how normalisation achieves these. Typically, responses which received marks included statements such as
Responses to this question indicated that students had learnt the theory associated with relational databases very well. |
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| Question 4 | Question 4 Speedie Racers Car Club is developing its website to provide information to the public about the club and to provide forum facilities for its members. The home page is shown below.
a. Identify one format used on the home page and explain how it enhances the effectiveness of the website for users. Format - Explanation Bold, large heading - makes the name of the club easy to find Navbar in a box - makes the navbar a visual unit and separates it from the other text Line under the welcome text - visually separates the static welcome text from the changeable event text beneath it. Reversed colours for the buttons - makes them stand out clearly from non-button text. Were the examiners actually trying to get students to refer to design elements like proportion and contrast rather than formats? 2 marks - 2 lines State average: 65% The examiner says: Students scored one mark if they correctly identified a format applied in the image of the webpage. An additional mark
was allocated if the students could explain how this feature contributed to the effectiveness of the webpage. b. Recommend a test that could be used to ensure that the forum performs as it should for members. Justify your answer. Typical member users should be asked to enter the forum and perform all of the functions supported by the forum (e.g. creating a post, editing a post, reading posts). They should report any features that do not behave as expected. Using typical users (rather than using managers, technicians etc) will better demonstrate the forum's performance when being used by real users. 2 marks - 6 lines State average: 53% The examiner says: Most students recommended an appropriate test to ensure the website worked as it should for members. For example, "click on the forum link to check that it goes to the login‟. Other successful responses included "ask a group of members to use the links from the forum button to check that all features and links work as expected‟. Justifications included the login restricts access to members only and testing each link checks that all features of the forum operate as intended. A number of students suggested conducting a member survey three to six months after the website had been running. Again, these students were confusing the problem-solving stage of evaluation with the testing that takes place during the development stage. |
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| Question 5 | Question 5 Lawrence and his sister belong to a youth group that holds social functions where members can meet and discuss issues affecting young people. They both communicate with friends online and have suggested the youth group could set up a website with the aims of
a. Suggest the type of website that would best suit the youth group's needs. Justify your answer. The site should use more than one Web 2.0 tool since a single tool would not be suitable for all the jobs it needs to do. It should use a blog for announcing and promoting events, and a forum for discussing issues. 2 marks - 5 lines State average: 70% The examiner says: Many students were able to suggest a type of website to meet the stated needs of the youth group. Successful responses included "a social network such as a forum with a login for members because it has an online space for discussions‟, "a membership login that restricts access to members of the youth group‟ or "a forum because it provides advertising space for group events‟. Responses that suggested a wiki or a blog, along with a reasonable explanation, were also awarded marks. b. State two features that could be included in the website to assist in building the youth group's collective identity. A wiki for the members to build community information sources. Social networking so they can socialise informally. 2 marks - 3 lines State average: 53% The examiner says: Again, most students stated the features needed on a website to help build the youth group‟s collective identity. Successful responses included "consistent use of colours and a logo or image relevant to the group‟, "images and reports of youth group events regularly posted on the site‟ and "an Introduce Yourself section and About Us page‟. It baffles me why the study design believes that a wiki alone, or a blog alone is a "type of website". No real community site of any size has a single tool to accomplish all of its goals. c. Identify and explain two social online protocols, other than meeting legal obligations, that should be followed on the youth group's website. They should set up an Acceptable User Policy which members must agree to before they can use the site's features. The AUP should specify:
4 marks - 2 x 4 lines State average: 51% The examiner says: Many students identified and explained social online protocols. Typical responses were in two general categories. First was "discussions on the forum should show respect for others‟ explaining that "everyone needs to feel safe when using the site‟ or that "no one should be bullied and everyone has the right to contribute.‟ The second category was that discussion on a topic should be under one heading "to stop the same issues being repeated under different headings.‟ |
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| Question 6 | Question 6 G Petto has been making puppets and toys for his family and friends for many years. His nephew Paul believes that he can create a website to help his uncle sell custom-made puppets and toys online. G Petto - get it? Geppetto? The carver of Pinnocchio? Puppet maker? ROFL. a. List two different items of data that customers using the website would need to provide to successfully have the toys purchased and delivered.
2 marks State average: 78% The examiner says: Most responses identified data associated with a delivery address such as "Customer Address‟ and with a payment method such as "Credit Card Details‟. Responses which included contact data for the purpose of order tracking were also awarded a mark. Students answered this question well. Is this really a year 12 level question? b. Explain why Paul should use a text box and not a drop-down list for the requirements of the custom-made puppets. Because they are custom-made items, the number of possible requirements would be impossible to define in advance and put in a limited list. The textbox allows any type of requirement to be entered by the customer. 2 marks - 5 lines State average: 78% The examiner says: The majority of students explained that a text box allowed customers to type in "an infinite variety of individual details they wanted in their customised puppet‟ and that a drop down list "would not be practical‟ because it would need millions of items to meet "all possible variations in colours and clothes‟. Again, this question was well answered. c. Recommend one technique to validate numeric customer data entered into the website. Justify your answer.
2 marks - 5 lines The examiner says: Most students could name a correct validation technique, which scored one mark, but only some could then justify its use in the database described. The most common student response was range check where "if a zero or negative number is entered an error message pops up‟ or "the quantity must be between 1 and 10‟. Other accepted answers included "a drop list where Paul can decide what quantity of any toy is sold‟, a "type check, where quantity must be a number or an error message is shown‟ and an "existence check, where if nothing is entered in a field then "a required field" error message is displayed‟. What is it with examiners and "drop lists"? They do not exist! They are drop-down lists! State average: 45% An awkward question, I thought. Asking students to give an example would have been far more informative than bland and non-specific validation theory. d. Complete the data types for each table.
2 marks State average: 60% This question was well answered. e. Explain how the CustomerlD and ToylD fields will enhance the effectiveness of retrieving information. By uniquely identifying customers and toys in the tables, they avoid the problems of accidentally choosing the wrong record (e.g. two customers with the same name). 2 marks - 7 lines State average: 50% The examiner says: Students clearly understood that ToyID and CustomerID provided unique identities for customers and toys, and that this not only reduced errors when queries were made on individual tables but also when queries were made across tables. For example, "the ToyID can be included as a foreign key in the Customer table and a relationship set so that Paul can then create Queries to accurately show which toys a customer has purchased‟ or "customers with same name can be identified uniquely and their orders processed accurately.‟ f. Draw an entity-relationship (ER) diagram to represent the tables shown in part d.
3 marks - the box filled 33% of the page State average: 45% The examiner says: Most students drew a [Chen Style] Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram and received marks. While the study design does not name any specific diagram styles, the most frequent style presented was the Chen style shown [above]. Many students also correctly included a one-to-many representation in this style of diagram. Another common response was the Bachman style ERD...
Responses which represented the one-to-many relationship using text or symbols such as "1 to ‟ and "one-to-many‟ were also awarded marks. Other recognised styles of Entity Relationship diagram were also acceptable. Drawing an entire diagram, let alone an ERD in its first year in the study design, is not playing fair in an exam, I reckon.
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| Question 7 | Question 7 Pete's Bathroom and Kitchen Equipment has been a successful business for the last four years. Pete has three sales staff working for him. He wants to analyse the sales figures and pay each staff member a $100 bonus when they sell more than $5000 worth of bathroom or kitchen equipment in a month. Describe how Pete can use either a spreadsheet or a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) to create formatted reports that show
Your answer should include specific functions for manipulating data, and selection of appropriate test data. Indicate with a tick one software type your answer will refer to.
Spreadsheet 1. The best selling item each month over a 6 month period In one report? That's not easy! You'd need to somehow group all sales by month, calculate a sales total for each item in that month, then plot that item's sales in a chart. But it's not easy to do... How is the data stored? Is it a raw list of transactions with each row containing item ID, sale date and sale amount?
That's pretty unreasonable. Perhaps they want a pivot table? Do they want a line graph showing the monthly sales of each item on separate lines? That would still require grouping the monthly sales figures. Or am I overthinking it? Is there a bleedin' obvious method I've missed? 2. Bonuses calculated monthly over a 6 month period The basic formula to see if someone gets a bonus would be =IF(salestotal>5000,100,0) where salestotal for a salesperson would be calculated by =SUMIF(salespersonID,n,sales) where n is the staff person's ID and sales is the column contain sales figures for the month in question. Test data should include total monthly sales figures adding up to $4999, $5000 and $5001 to test that the bonus is awarded only for $5001. Relational Database Management System 1. Best selling items by month
2. Sales bonuses
It's interesting how much quicker it is to do this in a database. In the exam, I certainly would have chosen the database option. I am still having trouble working out how to do it elegantly in a spreadsheet. The sorting, grouping and filtering is too much for my brain. It's either a bad question, or I'm really missing something. 8 marks - 18 lines State average: 25% The examiner says: Most students began their response to this question with an introduction. Successful responses were frequently organised under the three headings "Best-Selling Item‟, "Staff Bonus‟ and "Test Data‟. Generally, marks were awarded to students who comprehensively described and named the data and formulae or functions or queries under these headings. Students who took note of the statement "Your answer should include . . .‟ and used the requirements listed to plan their answers generally gained high marks. Spreadsheet Students who chose a spreadsheet solution generally described or sketched a Sales worksheet that included columns for Staff and Products. Other students described or sketched linked worksheets for Products, Sales and Staff. Syntax was not taken into account.
DATABASEStudents who chose a database solution generally described or sketched normalised or related tables for Products, Sales and Staff or a Sales Table with fields for StaffID, ProductID and QuantitySold or Sales. Syntax was not taken into account.
Students who answered "use real data and manual desk check and compare the expected to actual outcomes‟ also received a mark. It is worth noting that very few responses included test data, indicating that many students did not read the question carefully. At only 25% success, this is a luke-warm debut for the new 8 mark question format! Along with Q10a, this is the worst-answered question on the paper. |
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| Question 8 | Question 8 After some problems with the theft of patient data by dishonest employees, a Victorian hospital has proposed new policies for all staff. These include a new procedure stating that all emails coming in to and going out from the hospital's network are available for managers to read. Many employees are upset by this proposed change. a. Explain one legal obligation the hospital has regarding patient data. State the relevant Act. Under the Privacy Act 1988 (also the Health Records Act 2001 - either one will do):
They're the main national privacy principles worth mentioning 2 marks - 4 lines State average: 58% The examiner says: It was pleasing to note that most students could explain the legal responsibilities of the hospital. The Health Records Act 2001 is the relevant Act. Accepted answers related to either the access rights of patients or the data collection responsibilities of the hospital. Access means patients having the right to their health information kept by the hospital. Accepted legal obligations regarding collection included only using health information for primary purposes, not secondary purposes, or the hospital taking reasonable steps to protect the patient data from misuse, loss, unauthorised access, modification and disclosure, or the hospital ensuring that its data is accurate, complete, up-to-date and relevant to its activities. b. Discuss possible consequences for the hospital if the new procedure is implemented despite the negative feedback from employees.
2 marks - 4 lines State average: 48% The examiner says: Many students recognised that implementing such procedures against staff wishes would affect staff morale. Examples included "honest employees will think the hospital doesn‟t trust them and not work as hard‟ and "hackers will find other ways of getting the data out anyway‟. Other students suggested "the hospital‟s reputation would suffer‟ first because of the data theft and secondly because "the staff were unhappy and going on strike‟. c. The hospital decided to implement the new policy. A manager is checking the emails when he reads that one staff member is planning to take a sick day and go to the beach. The manager is faced with an ethical dilemma. Explain what the manager should consider before deciding whether to talk to the employee. This knowledge was gained accidentally when trying to solve the completely different problem of data theft. The manager has to consider whether it is morally more right to punish the staff using this 'fruit of the poisoned tree' information, or whether whether the tainted information should be used for the benefit of the organisation. Not using it respects the staff member's privacy but hurts the hospital, and vice versa. 2 marks - 4 lines State average: 28% The examiner says: Many students did not consider an ethical dilemma when answering this question. Successful responses included "if the manager takes advantage of other information he has read he is behaving unethically‟. Responses that did not directly mention ethics but that did indicate risk or moral difficulty such as "to solve the problem of data theft the manager risks losing the trust of his employees‟ and "the manager is allowed to read staff emails to protect the patient data not pry into their private lives‟ were awarded marks. d. Recommend an alternative procedure the hospital could follow to reduce data theft.
3 marks - 6 lines State average: 42% The examiner says: Responses generally included two or three steps in a procedure the hospital could follow. Typically, these covered communicating with staff, checking physical security and upgrading protective software. For example, "the hospital should explain the legal obligation to secure patient data‟ or "discuss possible solutions with all the employees‟. They could check all security procedures "with staff assistance, and make any changes that might help‟. And very frequently "use electronic tagging and see if there is some way of tracking data‟ and "tighten up the passwords so that only certain people can access patient data‟. |
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| Question 9 | Question 9 Visiting lecturers give lectures to students at colleges across the state. The data used to manage the lectures is shown below as spreadsheets as well as database tables. Spreadsheet - Lecture sheet
Spreadsheet - Feedback sheet
OR
The examiner says: Students were given identical data displayed in formats suitable for either spreadsheet or database manipulation. Students selected to answer questions on one of these software types. Indicate with a tick one software type your answers will refer to.
a. Describe how the lecture data could be manipulated to make it easier for lecturers to see where they are timetabled. Spreadsheet: Sort the Lecture Sheet by the ID_Lecturer column so a lecturer's lectures are grouped. Or create a filter on the Lecture sheet to show only one lecturer's classes on demand. RDBMS: Sort the Lecture table's records by the ID_Lecturer field Or use a find/query to show only one lecturer's classes in the Lectures table. 2 marks - 4 lines State average: 35% The examiner says: Spreadsheet responses mostly stated "Sort or Order the LecturerID column in the Lecturer data sheet from A to Z‟. Database responses mostly stated "Sort or Order the LecturerID field in the Lecturer data table from A to Z‟. b. Explain how all lectures and colleges for lecturer BALR can be listed. Spreadsheet: On the lecture sheet, create a filter on the Lecturer_ID field so lecturers can select only their ID and have only their lectures shown. RDBMS: Use a find or query to find and display the records where the ID_Lecturer field contents match the ID of the desired lecturer. 2 marks - 4 lines State average: 38% The examiner says: Spreadsheet responses generally suggested an automated procedure or conditional formula such as "if LecturerID=BALR‟ to identify the required rows and show them in either a separate worksheet, grouping, column or colour. Database responses generally suggested "design a select query or filter such as LecturerID=BALR‟ to show LecturerID and the College fields. c. Describe a software technique used to determine the total number of students attending all of the lectures. Spreadsheet: On the Feedback sheet, cell E6 (or elsewhere) put the formula =SUM(E2:E5) RDBMS: In the feedback table, create a summary field (in Filemaker Pro) defined as SUM of NUMBERSTUDENTS. In the Feedback table, create a subsummary part when sorted by ID_report. In the subsummary part, put the summary field. After the list of session records, a line will show the total number of students across all of the records in the table. 2 marks - 4 lines State average: 40% The examiner says: Many students suggested the spreadsheet SUM formula at the bottom of the NumberStudents column or wrote "a formula sum(E2:E5) and label it TotalAttendance‟. For database, many students wrote "calculate TOTAL in new field using the NumberStudents field‟ and others wrote "create a query called TotalAttendance using Total on the NumberStudents field‟. Other reasonable answers, including annotated sketches, were also awarded marks. What - no relationship question? What's going on here? |
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| Question 10 | Question 10 ABC Golf Club has a website which provides general information to visitors and members. The current site map is shown below.
a. Name one appropriate navigation link ABC Golf Club could use in a new Members Only section. 1 mark State average: 25% The examiner says: Appropriate navigation links were listed in the scenario presented in the question. These were game bookings, personal details and match results. Any one of these was accepted. Some students used other similar phrases such as "game scores‟ or "member profile‟, which were also accepted. A link back to the open part of the site. A link to any of: the game booking page, personal details page, or match results page. Is that all? Hardly seems worthy of a mark. Yet the state average was only 25%. Shudder! b. On the site map below, indicate where the new web pages would be shown.
3 marks State average: 50% The examiner says: The most frequently accepted answer is shown below.
Many students correctly placed the new pages one level further down and added a Member or Login page in the private space immediately below the horizontal line. Generally, responses which indicated that three new pages were in a private space and below the level of the Home page received full marks. It seems the examiner's sample answer suffered during its transition to PDF! The vertical lines to the 3 new boxes are missing. c. Describe a technique for protecting the personal information of members on the website.
2 marks - 4 lines State average: 65% The examiner says: Most students described a security procedure the golf club could use and gave an example of the protection it provided. Successful responses included "a member ID given by the club and then a strong password chosen by the member‟ or "a firewall or antivirus software to stop hackers stealing members‟ private details‟ or "use secure banking like PayPal‟ when members‟ fees are paid online by credit card. This question was well answered. d. The online space for members will allow them to discuss the rules of golf. Some members have suggested a wiki, others a forum. Would you recommend a forum or a wiki? Justify your answer. Indicate your preference with a tick. Forum - The aim is to discuss, which a forum is very good at. It allows threaded question/answer/replies on different topics. A wiki, on the other hand, is meant as a tool to collate knowledge into a single document. It does not support discussion. 2 marks - 3 lines State average: 73% The examiner says: Students who chose a forum over a wiki were able to provide two very direct reasons for their selection. For example, "a forum will let members have their say in a conversation-like manner‟ and "a wiki is more formal and might frighten some members out of stating their opinion‟. Others explained that the editing/referencing protocols of a wiki might make discussion "more difficult for ordinary members and a forum would be easier for discussion‟. Those who argued for a wiki over a forum typically suggested that a wiki would be best because "rules need a regulated environment for discussion‟. Other responses which argued a case in the context of the golf club also received a mark. e. Draw a mock-up of the home page of ABC Golf Club including access to the new Members Only section. 3 marks - half a page box provided. State average: 83% The homepage would want these things:
The examiner says: Successful representations of the new home page for the website indicated a header or logo, navigation links and membership login section. This question was very well answered. |
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| Question 11 | Question 11 A team of seven biologists researching the eating habits and movements of koalas in a national park send descriptions, images and maps to each other and to head office while the biologists are working. The team currently uses digital cameras to capture images and wireless laptops to input data and email attachments to head office. At the end of each day the data on each laptop is backed up to a removable hard disk carried in a backpack by one of the biologists. If the biologists are not working in the same location, please explain how one of them will back up the data on each of the laptops. If they are all working in the same location, why do they need to send stuff to each other by wireless? Head office has suggested that the biologists use cloud computing to back up their data as it is collected. a. Explain how this suggestion could improve the timeliness of their data. Because the data is stored centrally as it's entered, it's immediately available to each of the biologists and head office as soon as it's required. 2 marks State average: 50% The examiner says: Most students could explain that data saved directly to the cloud is backed up as it is recorded and therefore available to other team members or head office almost immediately. Typically accepted responses included "data will be available to teams more quickly and will be more up-to-date‟. b. State a criterion for evaluating the communication of image data to the cloud.
1 mark State average: 45% The examiner says: Most accepted responses presented a criterion in the form of a question comparing the quality of new and old images. Examples included, "Are the images using the cloud the same resolution?‟ and "Are the new images as clear as the old images?‟ Responses which compared the download speed, ease of retrieval or security of images were also accepted. The biologists are worried that criminals will intercept their data and use it to trap koalas for illegal zoos. c. Recommend equipment to prevent criminal access to the data as it is communicated. Encrypt the data before it's sent (e.g. with Pretty Good Privacy which uses RSA public key encryption) Use a cloud host which supports SSL or TLS connections. Use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) box to securely connect to the cloud host. 2 marks State average 45% The examiner says: Many students received a mark for stating that encrypting the data would protect it from hackers during communication. Complete answers included an explanation such as "encryption scrambles the data and makes it unreadable to hackers‟ or "data is encrypted with a key before it is sent and only users with the key will be able to decrypt and read the data‟. |
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Overall - a bit too easy. Not enough on database relationships. A very difficult "top selling item each month over 6 months" question. |
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Created 14 November 2010
Last changed: March 9, 2022 11:35 AM
VCE Applied Computing Notes © Mark Kelly 2001-
Original Content © Mark Kelly 2010
Images and questions © Victorian Curriculum
and Assessment Authority 2010.
Reproduced here with permission.
